Academy Reading Charts Chart Basics
2

What is a Trend

Reading Charts Beginner ⏱ 5 min read
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Master chart reading — the language of the market.
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The Most Powerful Concept in Trading

There is one rule that has made more traders profitable than any indicator, strategy or tool:

“The trend is your friend.”

Trading with the trend is the closest thing to an edge that consistently works across all markets and all timeframes.

What is a Trend?

A trend is the general direction price is moving over a period of time.

Markets move in three directions:

Uptrend — Bullish
Price making higher highs and higher lows consistently.
Buyers are in control.

Downtrend — Bearish
Price making lower highs and lower lows consistently.
Sellers are in control.

Sideways — Ranging
Price moving between two levels without clear direction.
Neither buyers nor sellers dominating.

Higher Highs and Higher Lows

This is the technical definition of an uptrend — and it is critical to understand.

Price never moves in a straight line up. It zigzags — moving up, pulling back slightly, then moving up again.

Uptrend pattern:

  • Price rises to a new high — this is a higher high
  • Price pulls back but stays above previous low — this is a higher low
  • Price rises again to an even higher high
  • Pattern continues

As long as each pullback stays above the previous low — the uptrend is intact.

The uptrend breaks when:
Price makes a lower low — falls below the previous pullback low. This signals the trend may be reversing.

Lower Highs and Lower Lows

The opposite pattern defines a downtrend.

Downtrend pattern:

  • Price falls to a new low — lower low
  • Price bounces but fails to reach previous high — lower high
  • Price falls again to an even lower low
  • Pattern continues

The downtrend breaks when:
Price makes a higher high — rises above the previous bounce high.

Why Trends Exist

Trends exist because of momentum — once price starts moving in a direction, it tends to continue.

Reasons:

  • News and fundamentals take time to be fully priced in
  • Institutional investors buy or sell gradually over weeks
  • Retail traders follow the trend adding more momentum
  • Fear and greed reinforce existing moves

Trend Strength

Not all trends are equal. Some are strong and reliable — others are weak and likely to reverse.

Strong trend signs:

  • Large candles in trend direction
  • Small pullbacks — shallow retracements
  • High volume on trend moves
  • Low volume on pullbacks

Weak trend signs:

  • Small candles
  • Deep pullbacks — almost reaching previous swing
  • Decreasing volume on trend moves
  • Increasing volume on pullbacks

Trading With the Trend

The simplest and most effective trading approach:

In an uptrend:
Only look for buy opportunities during pullbacks.
Never try to short — you are fighting the trend.

In a downtrend:
Only look for sell opportunities during bounces.
Never try to buy — you are fighting the trend.

In a sideways market:
Buy at support, sell at resistance.
Or wait for a breakout in either direction.

The biggest mistake beginners make is trying to pick tops and bottoms — betting against the trend. Professional traders follow the trend until it clearly ends.

Understanding Trends

How Long Do Trends Last?

Primary trends — months to years
Major bull and bear markets. Bitcoin bull markets typically last 12-18 months.

Secondary trends — weeks to months
Corrections within a primary trend. Normal healthy pullbacks.

Minor trends — days to weeks
Short term moves within secondary trends.

Understanding which trend type you are trading is critical for setting realistic targets and stop losses.

In the next topic we will learn about support and resistance — the most important levels on any chart.

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