Crypto Fundamentals is the foundation every trader needs before opening a single position. This subject covers what Bitcoin and blockchain technology actually are, how decentralized networks validate transactions without a central authority, and the core vocabulary used across every exchange and wallet — market cap, trading pairs, private and public keys, and seed phrases. You'll learn the difference between storing crypto in a hot wallet versus a hardware wallet, how mining and block validation work, and what makes Bitcoin's fixed 21 million supply significant for long-term value. This subject also introduces practical exchange mechanics: market orders versus limit orders, how the order book works, and what KYC verification means when signing up with an exchange. By the end, you'll have the vocabulary and conceptual grounding needed to read charts, manage risk, and evaluate trading strategies with confidence.